Getting
here
ST. Maarten, roughly 500kms east of the Dominican
Republic, is the gateway to many of the popular Caribbean islands such
as: Anguilla, St. Barts, ST. Kitts & Nevis, Montserrat and Saba.
So it's an ideal base to explore the North eastern Caribbean region,
airlines and ferry services offer great value day trips to many of the
favourite destinations, see our Island links section for details of
companies operating tours! To
St. Maarten From the U.S.:
American Airlines, Continental Airlines, US Airways and
United Airlines have frequent scheduled services.
From the
U. K. & Europe:
Both Air France and KLM fly to St. Maarten.
Mouse
over the destinations to the left to show the location of the individual
islands and click to got to the island's Tourist website.
Island
History
The story of St. Maarten begins far to the south, in
a region of the Amazon jungle known as the Orinoco river basin. It was
from here that the island's first inhabitants--the Arawaks--migrated
about a thousand years ago. They island-hopped north through the Caribbean,
living peacefully off the bounty of the surrounding sea. The Arawaks
who came to St. Maarten called their new home "Sualouiga,"
or "Land of Salt," naming it after the island's abundant salt
pans.
The tranquility
of the Arawaks would not last for long. They were followed by another
Amazonian group, the Caribs. A warrior people, the Caribs steadily pushed
the Arawaks off St. Maarten and took the island for themselves--only
to lose it in turn to the Europeans.
Christopher Columbus
sighted the island on November 11, 1493, the holy day of St. Martin
of Tours. He claimed it for Spain the same day, and it is from this
day that the island bears its name.
Obsessed with the
greater conquests of Mexico and South America, the Spanish ignored St.
Maarten. It was virtually forgotten by Europeans until the 1620s, when
Dutch settlers began extracting salt from St. Maarten's ponds and exporting
it back to the Netherlands. The island's commercial possibilities soon
caught the attention of the Spanish, who drove off the Dutch in 1633
and erected a fort to assert their authority. Known as the Old Spanish
Fort, this bastion still stands at Point Blanche. In 1644, a Dutch fleet
under the command of Peter Stuyvesant attempted unsuccessfully to retake
the island. Stuyvesant, who later became governor of New Amsterdam (present-day
New York), lost a leg to a Spanish cannonball during the fighting. Although
Stuyvesant was buried in New York, his leg rests in a cemetery in Curaçao.
Events in Europe
soon affected the island's destiny. With the end of the Eighty Years'
War between Spain and the Netherlands, the Spanish no longer needed
a base in the Caribbean. They left St. Maarten, and the island was soon
claimed by both the French (who sailed over from St. Kitts) and the
Dutch (from St. Eustatius). After some skirmishes, the two powers signed
a treaty in 1648 which divided the island between them. Although its
historical truth is somewhat less than ironclad, local legend claims
that a Dutchman and Frenchman stood back to back and walked in opposite
directions around the shoreline, drawing the boundary from the spot
where they met. As for why the French ended up with more land, the story
notes the Dutchman's progress was slowed by the large quantity of Geneve
that he required for the walk.
The neighbours
did not coexist peacefully at first, and the territory changed hands
sixteen times between 1648 and 1816. Nonetheless, the Dutch side of
the island soon became an important trading center for salt, cotton,
and tobacco. Wealth also arrived with the establishment of sugar plantations,
worked by slave labor. When slavery was abolished in the mid-19th century,
the plantations closed down and St. Maarten's prosperity ended. For
the next one hundred years, the island sank into an economic depression.
The situation began
to change in 1939, when all import and export taxes were rescinded and
the island became a free port. Princess Juliana International Airport
opened in 1943, and four years later the island's first hotel, the Sea
View, welcomed its first guests. In the next few decades, St. Maarten
boomed as an international trading and tourism center. Today, Dutch
St. Maarten has nearly 3,000 hotel rooms and is visited by hundreds
of thousands of people each year.
In 2006 the airport
was rebuilt to handle the ever increasing tourist trade to the island.